Soviet people had to be healthy and fit, because only in this case could they live a long life... in order to work hard in factories and build the utopian communist future, of course.

The new Soviet state established sport and physical culture as one of the main points of its ideology. "A healthy spirit requires a healthy body," Soviet official Kliment Voroshilov used to say. From childhood, Soviet kids had to do exercises, while physical education classes were obligatory in all schools and universities. Students had to pass special tests to match the special normatives that proved one was "ready for labor and defense".

1. Medics doing gymnastics with kids in a kindergarten, 1965

Vsevolod Tarasevich/MAMM/MDF/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

No matter how early you woke up, you would never forget about morning exercises! That was what the Soviet state actively propagandized, especially via posters.

2. Morning exercises as part of the program in all the children camps and resort places, 1936

Vladislav Mikosha/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru3. Morning exercises of the Kremlin cadets, 1926-27

Arkady Shaykhet/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru4. Students doing morning exercises on the rooftop of their dorm, 1932

Alexander Rodchenko/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru5. Workers at a textile factory limbering up for the day, 1960

Unknown author/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

Skiing was one of the obligatory winter sports in schools and became a national sport.

6. Skiers of all ages taking part in a mass ski race, 1927

Arkady Shaykhet/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru7. Kids on a ski lesson, 1946

Sergei Vasin/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

Ice skating was another great love of Soviet people. Are you curious why Russians are so good at skating? Read here.

8. Two couples dancing on ice, 1947

Sergei Vasin/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

Kids were to foster the competitive spirit, so there were lots of tournaments between schools in different sports: from group disciplines such as football and basketball to running, gymnastics, swimming and winter sports we've already mentioned.

9. School kids getting ready to race in a swimming contest, 1946

Sergei Vasin/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru10. A male diver, 1934

Alexander Rodchenko/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

Children had to climb the rope within the school program of physical education, not everyone was keen on this type of exercise.

11. Two girls climbing the rope, 1973

Alexander Abaza/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

The Soviet state emphasised the importance of artistic gymnastics. School lessons of physical culture included exercises on parallel bars, pommel horse and horizontal bars. While there was a strong training school of the professional gymnasts.

12. A group of young female gymnasts going through their daily training program, 1964

Lev Borodulin/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

Bar exercises were widespread in the Soviet army and among ordinary men, bars were installed for work out in many Soviet yards.

13. A man pulling off a trick on a bar, 1935

Alexander Rodchenko/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

As a part of amateur performances for school kids, forming complicated compositions quickly and synchronously was common.

14. A group of pioneers performing, 1932

Mikhail Smodor/Kostromskaya Starina/russiainphoto.ru

The variety of mass gymnastics etudes was a field of art for Soviet avant garde photographers.

15. A poster featuring male gymnasts, 1926

A.Teleshov/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru16. Ready, stady, go! 1930s

Olga Ignatovich/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

Every year, the Red Square held huge Physical Culture Parades. Athletes marched with flags and banners across the square in front of the Soviet leaders who watched the show from the Lenin's mausoleum.

17. Female athletes waving flags on a Red Square Physical Culture Parade, 1936

Alexander Rodchenko/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

Physical Culture Parades are also known for the complicated figures that participants build from their own bodies. Spectacular - and a hard work was needed to prepare the show, as everything should have been just perfect.

18. A female gymnast group performing, 1936

Alexander Rodchenko/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

In other words, these parades were spectacular!

19. Female athletes performing, 1936

Alexander Rodchenko/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru

By the way, this is one of the most popular static exercises, in the Soviet Union it was called 'beryozka', as a birch tree.

20. Better don't try to repeat 'beryozka' at home! 1936

Alexander Rodchenko/MAMM/MDF/russiainphoto.ru